Technology Primer · Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Nano-DESI Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization

Nano-DESI (Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization) uses a pair of nanoflow capillaries to form a thin liquid film on the sample surface: one delivers solvent to desorb surface molecules, and the other draws the film in and electrospray-ionizes them. It is an ambient, micro-region-scale in-situ ionization technique.
Table of Contents
Working Principle: Paired-Capillary Micro Liquid FilmMicro-Region Sampling and ImagingSuitable Molecules and ScenariosPositioning Relative to Matrix-Free Sources Such as LDPI/DPI
Schematic principle: ion source ionizes the sample spot-by-spot Tissue section Sample Ionization beam Nano-DESI Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Ions MS analyzer
Nano-DESI Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization — schematic diagram

Working Principle: Paired-Capillary Micro Liquid Film

The supply capillary delivers a small amount of solvent to the sample surface to form a thin liquid film that desorbs surface molecules; the adjacent collection capillary draws the film in and applies a high voltage to generate an electrospray, completing ionization before the ions enter the mass analyzer. The capillary spacing and film volume determine the micro-region sampling size.

Compared with single-capillary DESI's remote spray, Nano-DESI's liquid film is more controlled and stays closer to the surface, which improves sampling reliability and reproducibility and makes it well suited to fine micro-region analysis.

Micro-Region Sampling and Imaging

By precisely controlling the film position and moving the sample point by point, Nano-DESI can perform micro-region sampling of tissue surfaces and reconstruct molecular distributions. Its sampling area is smaller than that of conventional DESI spray spots, giving finer spatial resolution, typically down to tens of microns.

For ambient imaging requiring more stable and finer results than DESI, Nano-DESI is the high-precision variant in the DESI family; but its film contact also means it is more sensitive to surface flatness and humidity.

Suitable Molecules and Scenarios

Nano-DESI images mid-to-high polarity molecules (lipids, metabolites, peptides) well; its ambient, matrix-free nature (no reliance on a MALDI matrix) benefits small-molecule analysis. It suits fine sampling of tissue micro-regions and cell clusters.

For subcellular needs it remains insufficient compared with TOF-SIMS/t-MALDI; for ambient, micro-region, low-preparation needs, it is the high-precision choice within the DESI system.

Positioning Relative to Matrix-Free Sources Such as LDPI/DPI

Nano-DESI, LDPI, and DPI all belong to the ambient, matrix-free family but differ in ionization mechanism: Nano-DESI relies on liquid-phase electrospray, whereas LDPI/DPI rely on photochemical/dual-photoionization. Nano-DESI is a natural fit for molecules that ionize readily in the liquid phase; for matrix-free, high-sensitivity needs, compare it with DPI.

Selection should consider analyte polarity, micro-region precision, and the host instrument's ambient interface. Neo-Source LDPI/DPI can also serve as an alternative or supplement for ambient, matrix-free imaging.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the difference between Nano-DESI and ordinary DESI?
Nano-DESI uses paired nanoflow capillaries to form a controlled thin liquid film on the surface for desorption and electrospray, giving more reliable, finer, and more reproducible sampling; it is the high-precision variant of DESI.
Does Nano-DESI need matrix?
It requires no MALDI matrix and operates under ambient, matrix-free conditions, which benefits small-molecule and metabolite imaging.
What is Nano-DESI's resolution?
Its sampling area is smaller than conventional DESI spray spots, typically down to tens of microns; however, because it is sensitive to surface flatness and humidity, subcellular imaging still favors TOF-SIMS/t-MALDI.
How to choose between Nano-DESI and LDPI/DPI?
Nano-DESI relies on liquid-phase electrospray and suits molecules that ionize readily in the liquid phase; LDPI/DPI are photochemical/dual-photoionization, matrix-free sources, and the choice depends on polarity requirements.

Get Specifications & Quotation

To obtain detailed specifications, compatible models, or a quotation for the MSI LDPI / DPI full series imaging ion sources, visit the Neo-Source official website, or contact the official team for compatibility advice tailored to your mass spectrometer (Agilent / SCIEX / Thermo and other mainstream MS).

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