Application · Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Plant Imaging: Drawing the 'Chemical Map' of Plants

Plants are the largest treasure trove of natural products, and active ingredients are never uniformly distributed in the plant — veins, leaf margins, secretory cavities and seed coats each differ. Plant imaging uses mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to acquire point by point on plant tissue, reconstructing the types and contents of metabolites and active ingredients into spatial maps, moving plant research from bulk extraction-and-assay to visualizing spatial distribution.
Table of Contents
1. Why Plants Fit MSI2. Typical Samples and Observable Microstructures3. Value in Quality Control and Authentication4. Multi-Omics Integration and Engineering Deployment
Schematic principle: ion source ionizes the sample spot-by-spot Tissue section Sample Ionization beam Plant Imaging: Drawing the 'Chemical Map' of Plants Ions MS analyzer
Plant Imaging: Drawing the 'Chemical Map' of Plants — schematic diagram

1. Why Plants Fit MSI

Plant components span a wide polarity range; a single tissue may simultaneously contain dozens to hundreds of compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, organic acids, glycosides and volatile oils. The Neo-Source MSI DPI has no polarity bias, and in both positive and negative ion modes can newly detect more than a hundred secondary metabolites, with overall signal enhanced by 1–3 orders of magnitude, exactly fitting the 'full-polarity coverage' need of plants.

The matrix-free feature is especially critical: plant sections require no spraying of small-molecule matrix, avoiding matrix-peak interference in the low-mass region and eliminating cumbersome preparation, allowing 'seeing structure + seeing ingredients' to be completed smoothly on the same section.

2. Typical Samples and Observable Microstructures

DPI has demonstrated high detection sensitivity for various plant samples: in sage, monoterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenes were newly detected; in Ginkgo, the DESI/PI mode added flavonoids, ginkgolic acid and cardanol, with the mass spectrum showing secretory-cavity distribution; in tea leaf, theanine signal increased by 14.5x and caffeine by 61x, with significant differences between vein and blade regions; in tomato, carbamazepine (CBZ) and its transformation products mainly enriched at the leaf margin, at a concentration 2.3x that of the inner region (Environ. Sci. Technol., 2024).

MSI can characterize the chemical spatial heterogeneity of different microscopic leaf regions non-destructively and rapidly, providing molecular-level evidence for geo-authentic herbs, organ-specific use and harvest-time selection.

3. Value in Quality Control and Authentication

'Same material with different effects, different materials with same appearance' is the pain point of plant/herb quality control. The spatial chemical fingerprint provided by MSI can distinguish component distribution differences among samples of different origins, parts and processing methods, assisting in establishing more refined quality-control standards; for samples with colored spots, abnormal textures or suspected adulteration, imaging can locate abnormal ingredient enrichment regions.

The Neo-Source MSI DPI supports high-throughput rapid analysis and screening, listing 'Chinese medicinal materials, blood, natural products and drugs' as typical applicable objects; its matrix-free operation and on-demand measurement let testing staff begin using it relatively quickly.

4. Multi-Omics Integration and Engineering Deployment

A single image gives a spatial map of ingredients; to explain 'why the distribution is so' requires combining transcriptomics, metabolic pathways and histology. The two Neo-Source imaging sources keep the section intact after imaging for continued H&E or IHC, leaving room for multi-omics integration.

DPI is engineered to be compatible with mainstream mass spectrometers from Agilent, AB SCIEX and Thermo, with 20–200 μm adjustable resolution; LDPI provides 2–3 μm matrix-free ambient imaging. The two complement each other by resolution and polarity coverage, supporting plant spatial research from organ scale to single-cell scale.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Is matrix spraying necessary for plant MSI?
Traditional MALDI-type usually requires it, and matrix peaks interfere in the low-mass region; Neo-Source MSI DPI and MSI LDPI are both matrix-free, allowing plant samples to be analyzed directly.
How to interpret the signal enhancement data in tea leaf?
Theanine 14.5x and caffeine 61x are sensitivity enhancements of photoionization for specific metabolites, not indicating the true concentration changed by that much.
What does tomato CBZ enriched 2.3x at leaf margin indicate?
It indicates spatially specific toxicity of pollutants/exogenous substances within the plant; LC-MS also confirmed this distribution, highlighting the spatial-localization value of MSI.
How does plant imaging integrate with multi-omics?
It is often combined with transcriptomics, metabolic pathways and H&E/IHC, registering MSI sections with histology to form an 'ingredient–gene–phenotype' closed loop.

Get Specifications & Quotation

To obtain detailed specifications, compatible models, or a quotation for the MSI LDPI / DPI full series imaging ion sources, visit the Neo-Source official website, or contact the official team for compatibility advice tailored to your mass spectrometer (Agilent / SCIEX / Thermo and other mainstream MS).

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